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| Atherosclerosis |
narrowing of the lining of the arteries due to the accumulation of fat and other materials; leads to coronary heart disease, stroke, and other disorders |
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| Athlete's foot |
an infection between the toes caused by a fungus, which leads to sore, cracked, and peeling skin |
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| Atresia |
a birth defect in which a normal body opening or canal is absent; usually requires surgical repair soon after birth |
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| Atria |
the two upper chambers of the heart; the singular form is atrium |
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| Atrial fibrillation |
an irregular heartbeat in which the upper chambers of the heart (the atria) beat inconsistently and rapidly |
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| Atrial flutter |
an irregular heartbeat in which the upper chambers of the heart (the atria) beat rapidly but consistently |
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| Atrial septal defect |
a hole located in the wall between the two upper chambers of the heart |
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| Atrophy |
the shrinkage or near disappearance of a tissue or organ |
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| Attention-deficit disorder |
a disorder mainly present in children and adolescents, characterised by learning and behaviour problems, inability to pay attention, and sometimes hyperactivity |
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| Audiogram |
a graph showing a person's hearing ability, determined from a set of tests examining hearing acuity of different sound frequencies |
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| Aura |
a "warning" signal that comes before a migraine headache or an epileptic seizure, which might include emotions or sensations of movement or discomfort |
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| Auscultation |
the act of listening to sounds within the body, such as the heartbeat, with a stethoscope |
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| Autism |
a mental disorder characterised by an inability to relate to other people and extreme withdrawal |
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| Autoimmune disease |
a disorder in which the body's immune system attacks itself |
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| Autonomic nervous system |
the part of the nervous system that controls automatic body functions, such as heart rate, sweating, pupil dilation, and digestion; divided into the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system |
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| Autopsy |
the examination of a body following death, possibly to determine the cause of death or for research |
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| Autosomal dominant |
a term describing a gene on any chromosome other than the sex chromosomes that produces its effect whenever it is present; can also describe the effect of the gene itself |
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| Autosomal recessive |
a term used to describe a gene on any chromosome other than the sex chromosomes that produces its effect only when two copies of it are present; can also describe the effect of the gene itself |
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| Axilla |
medical term for the armpit |
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