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| Altitude sickness |
headaches, dizziness, and nausea usually experienced at heights above 8,000 ft because of reduced oxygen in the air |
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| Alzheimer disease |
a condition that occurs late in life and worsens with time in which brain cells degenerate; it is accompanied by memory loss, physical decline, and confusion |
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| Amenorrhoea |
absence of menstrual periods, occurring either after or before menstruation has begun |
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| Amniocentesis |
a procedure in which a small amount of amniotic fluid is removed from the mother's womb in order to detect abnormalities of the foetus |
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| Amniotic fluid |
clear fluid that surrounds a foetus during pregnancy and cushions and protects it |
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| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
the most common of a group of disorders known as motor neurone diseases, in which the nerves in the brain that control the movement of muscles degenerate and muscle function is gradually lost; commonly called Lou Gehrig's disease |
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| Anabolic steroid |
a drug similar to the male hormone testosterone that builds muscles and strengthens bones, but has adverse side effects |
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| Anaemia |
a condition in which the blood does not contain enough haemoglobin, the compound that carries oxygen from the lungs to other parts of the body |
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| Anaesthesia |
a loss of sensation in a certain part of the body or throughout the body |
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| Anaesthetic |
a substance that temporarily causes a person to be unable to feel pain, either in a certain area or over the entire body |
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| Anal fissure |
a long, open sore on the skin of the anus |
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| Anal fistula |
an abnormal tube-like passage connecting the anus to the surface of the surrounding skin |
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| Anal sphincter |
a ring of muscle fibres at the opening of the rectum, controlling the opening and closing of the anus |
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| Analgesic |
a drug that relieves pain, such as aspirin or acetaminophen |
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| Anaphylactic shock |
a life-threatening allergic reaction resulting in difficulty breathing and low blood pressure |
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| Anatomy |
the structure of bodies; commonly refers to the study of body structure |
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| Androgen |
a hormone (such as testosterone) that causes development of male characteristics and sex organs |
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| Anencephaly |
a fatal birth defect in which the brain and spinal cord have failed to develop, resulting in the absence of a portion of the skull and brain |
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| Aneurysm |
an abnormal swelling of the wall of an artery, caused by a weakening in the vessel wall |
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| Angina pectoris |
pain experienced in the chest, arms, or jaw because of a lack of oxygen to the heart muscle |
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